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Oatman sur la Route 66 doit son nom Ă  Olive Oatman (partie 1)

🇬🇧 This article is also available in English — read it here.

Oatman, Ă  l’ouest de Kingman en Arizona, est la plus Ă©trange des petites villes.

Oatman, comme beaucoup de villes en Arizona, s’est dĂ©veloppĂ©e autour de l’exploitation miniĂšre. La rĂ©gion Ă©tait dĂ©jĂ  prospectĂ©e au XIXe siĂšcle, mais c’est au dĂ©but du XXe siĂšcle que la ville connut vĂ©ritablement son essor grĂące Ă  l’or. Deux prospecteurs y firent notamment une dĂ©couverte estimĂ©e Ă  environ 10 millions de dollars et, en moins d’un an, la population dĂ©passa les 3 500 habitants. Le boom minier fut cependant de courte durĂ©e. En 1921, un incendie dĂ©truisit une partie de la ville et l’activitĂ© miniĂšre dĂ©clina progressivement au cours des dĂ©cennies suivantes.

La ville d’Oatman est restĂ©e en vie en desservant les voyageurs sur l’ancienne Route 66. Dans les annĂ©es 1960, lorsque le trafic fut progressivement dĂ©tournĂ© vers de nouvelles routes, Oatman eut bien du mal Ă  survivre.

Saviez-vous que la ville d’Oatman a Ă©tĂ© nommĂ©e en l’honneur d’Olive Ann Oatman ? Originaire de l’Illinois, Olive Ă©tait adolescente lorsqu’en 1851 sa famille fut attaquĂ©e dans l’actuel Arizona par un groupe amĂ©rindien, probablement des Tolkepayas, apparentĂ©s aux Yavapais de l’Ouest. Ses parents et plusieurs de ses frĂšres et sƓurs furent tuĂ©s. Son frĂšre Lorenzo, laissĂ© pour mort, survĂ©cut. Olive et sa jeune sƓur Mary Ann furent emmenĂ©es et vĂ©curent environ un an auprĂšs de leurs premiers ravisseurs, avant d’ĂȘtre Ă©changĂ©es aux Mohaves. Les rĂ©cits ultĂ©rieurs ont longtemps prĂ©sentĂ© les deux jeunes filles uniquement comme des esclaves, mais l’histoire de leur vie parmi les Mohaves est plus complexe et certains Ă©lĂ©ments restent aujourd’hui discutĂ©s par les historiens.

Mary Ann mourut de faim en 1855, pendant une terrible période de sécheresse et de pénurie qui toucha également la communauté mohave.

Olive portait sur le menton le remarquable tatouage bleu qui allait la rendre cĂ©lĂšbre : plusieurs lignes verticales accompagnĂ©es de motifs. Ces tatouages Ă©taient une pratique culturelle mohave et constituent plutĂŽt un indice de son intĂ©gration Ă  la communautĂ© qu’une marque d’esclavage. Leur signification exacte dans le cas d’Olive a donnĂ© lieu Ă  de nombreuses interprĂ©tations. Certaines sources les associent notamment Ă  l’identitĂ© et au passage dans l’au-delĂ , mais une partie de l’histoire d’Olive chez les Mohaves demeure difficile Ă  Ă©tablir avec certitude.

Dans les communautĂ©s amĂ©ricaines, on commença Ă  entendre la rumeur qu’une jeune femme blanche vivait avec les Mohaves. Ce qui intriguait surtout Ă©tait le fait qu’on disait qu’elle Ă©tait tatouĂ©e au visage.

Un messager fut envoyĂ© auprĂšs des Mohaves aprĂšs que les autoritĂ©s de Fort Yuma eurent appris qu’une jeune femme blanche vivait parmi eux. AprĂšs des nĂ©gociations, Olive fut finalement remise aux autoritĂ©s en Ă©change notamment de couvertures et d’un cheval blanc. Elle arriva Ă  Fort Yuma en fĂ©vrier 1856.

Elle devint une vĂ©ritable cĂ©lĂ©britĂ©. En 1857 parut le rĂ©cit de son histoire, Life Among the Indians, Ă©crit par le rĂ©vĂ©rend Royal B. Stratton Ă  partir de son tĂ©moignage et de celui de son frĂšre. Le livre connut un immense succĂšs, mĂȘme si les historiens considĂšrent aujourd’hui que certains aspects de ce rĂ©cit ont Ă©tĂ© dramatisĂ©s ou interprĂ©tĂ©s selon les codes de l’époque.

Elle se maria en 1865 avec John B. Fairchild et consacra ensuite l’essentiel de sa vie Ă  sa famille. Elle mourut en 1903, ĂągĂ©e de 65 ans.

Nous avons Ă©tĂ© manger dans le saloon Ă  son nom, un endroit trĂšs Ă©trange, typique et complĂštement hors du temps oĂč mĂȘme les bouteilles d’eau sont Ă  l’effigie d’Olive Oatman.

Ci-dessous un petit reportage qui, mĂȘme s’il n’est pas complet (l’arrivĂ©e de la serveuse avec des crĂšmes glacĂ©es y met un arrĂȘt), vous donne une idĂ©e de l’ambiance spĂ©ciale qui rĂšgne dans ce saloon. Lisez le deuxiĂšme post pour en savoir plus sur les animaux qui peuplent Oatman dont je parle dans le petit film.

Text & pictures (except historical pictures of Olive Oatman) © Morgan Mc Kenzie

Oatman on Route 66 was named after Olive Oatman (part 1)

Oatman, west of Kingman in Arizona, is the strangest of little towns.

Like many towns in Arizona, Oatman developed around mining. The area was already being prospected in the nineteenth century, but it was in the early twentieth century that the town truly boomed thanks to gold. Two prospectors made a discovery there estimated at around 10 million dollars and, in less than a year, the population exceeded 3,500. The mining boom was short-lived, however. In 1921, a fire destroyed part of the town and mining activity gradually declined over the following decades.

Oatman remained alive by serving travellers on the old Route 66. In the 1960s, as traffic was progressively diverted onto newer roads, the little town struggled to survive.

Did you know that the town of Oatman was named in honour of Olive Ann Oatman? Originally from Illinois, Olive was a teenager when, in 1851, her family was attacked in what is now Arizona by a Native American group, probably Tolkepayas, related to the Western Yavapai. Her parents and several of her siblings were killed. Her brother Lorenzo, left for dead, survived. Olive and her younger sister Mary Ann were taken away and lived for about a year with their first captors before being traded to the Mohave. Later accounts long portrayed the two girls simply as slaves, but the story of their life among the Mohave is more complex and some aspects are still debated by historians today.

Mary Ann died of starvation in 1855, during a terrible period of drought and food shortage that also affected the Mohave community.

Olive bore on her chin the remarkable blue tattoo that would make her famous: several vertical lines accompanied by other markings. Such tattoos were part of Mohave cultural practice and are better understood as evidence of her integration into the community than as a mark of slavery. Their precise meaning in Olive’s case has been interpreted in different ways. Some sources associate them with identity and passage into the afterlife, but part of Olive’s story among the Mohave remains impossible to establish with certainty.

Rumours began circulating in American communities that a young white woman was living with the Mohave. What particularly intrigued people was the claim that her face had been tattooed.

A messenger was sent to the Mohave after the authorities at Fort Yuma learnt that a young white woman was living among them. Following negotiations, Olive was eventually handed over to the authorities in exchange for goods including blankets and a white horse. She arrived at Fort Yuma in February 1856.

She became a genuine celebrity. In 1857, her story appeared in Life Among the Indians, written by the Reverend Royal B. Stratton from her account and that of her brother. The book was enormously successful, although historians today consider that some aspects of the story were dramatised or interpreted according to the conventions of the period.

She married John B. Fairchild in 1865 and subsequently devoted most of her life to her family. She died in 1903 at the age of 65.

We went to eat in the saloon named after her, a very strange, typical and completely timeless place where even the bottles of water bear Olive Oatman’s image.

Below is a short report which, although incomplete (the waitress arriving with ice creams brings it to an abrupt end), gives you an idea of the very special atmosphere inside this saloon. Read the second post to discover more about the animals that populate Oatman, which I mention in the little film.

Text & pictures (except historical pictures of Olive Oatman) © Morgan Mc Kenzie

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